儒家谏诤方式与先秦文学表现

Confucians' direct criticism of the rulers and literary expressions before the Qin Dynasty

先秦典籍中保存了很多谏诤文字 ,谏诤是臣子的重要职责 ,但不是所有的谏诤行为都能被肯定的 ,一切谏诤行为都被经典的编纂者以儒家的眼光加以评判。通过提倡、反对甚至遣责 ,谏诤方式也被分出高下 ,以期达到教化的目的。而是否合“礼”是儒家评判谏诤方式的最终标准。同时 ,经典中许多谏诤行为的记载 ,其本身又具有很高的文学价值。

Much critical advice has been kept in the documents before the Qin Dynasty. Critical advice was make by courtiers as their duty, but not all the advice was to be accepted by compilers who would evaluate it with a Confucian criterion to see if those critical advice would serve for moral education. The advice, sometimes condemned, sometimes advocated, had to be classified with the highest standard of Li, the Confucian morality and behavior. Some of the critical essays in the Chinese classics are of considerable literary values.