微生物对长白鱼鳞云杉木材渗透性的影响

THE EFFECT OF MICROBE ON THE PERMEABILITY OF SPRUCE (PICEA JEZOENSIS var. KOMAROVII) WOOD

本文利用水池贮存处理木材研究了细菌对改善长白鱼鳞云杉木材渗透性的有效性。渗透性的测定采用水上升置换气流法。试验结果表明,水池贮存处理长白鱼鳞云杉气干材10周,不仅可以非常显著地增加其边材的渗透性(渗透性平均增加29倍),而且其心材渗透性亦有明显改善(平均渗透性增加1.52倍)。但心材试样渗透性增加不均匀,仅有50％的心材试样在水池贮存处理后渗透性得到了增加。渗透性增加的原因主要是由于边材和部分心材试样受到短芽孢杆菌(Bacillus brevis)等细菌的侵蚀,据电镜观察,边材大多数具缘纹孔的纹孔塞被细菌降解后形成空洞,心材的管胞内壁及具缘纹孔的纹孔缘上有细菌存在。

The effect of bacteria on the gas permeability of the air-dired sapwood and heartwood of refractory spruce (Picea, jezoensis var. komarovii) was investigated by pretreatment-ponding. The axial gas permeability of wood samples was measured with rising-water volume-displacement method. The results showed that a ponding period of 10 weeks in stagnant water not only notably improved the permeability of sapwood, but also increased the petmeability of heartwood, whereas the permeability of heartwood samples was not improved uniformly. Only 50 percent of heartwood samples was increased after ponding. The increase in permeability of sapwood and a part of heartwood were probably due to the attack of bacteria such as Bacillus brevis etc. Scanning electron microscopy suggested that tori in most of the bordered pits in sapwood tracheids were degraded, with the presence or the bacteria in the vicinity of the bordered pits in heartwood.