乐东拟单性木兰的自然分布与引种栽培

The Natural Distribution and a Brief Account in the Introduction of Parakmeria lotungensis

乐东拟单性木兰(Parakmeria lotungensis)又名光叶木兰、乐东木兰、隆兰(海南),系木兰科常绿大乔木,树高可达30m,胸径1m以上。最先在海南岛乐东县发现,定名乐东木兰(Magnolia lotungensis),后采到单性花(雄花)和雌蕊群轴而无心皮的单性花标本,更名为乐东拟单性木兰,是我国的特有种,并列为三级重点保护树种。该树种树干通直,冠幅较窄,枝叶浓密,老叶深绿色,有光泽,嫩叶红色,花白色,材质优良,是一种深为群众所喜爱的优良绿化、用材树种。

Parakmeria lotungensis is one of the tree species which have been focally protected by our government. The natural distribution range of this species is 18°44'~29°24' N and 107°50'~119°09' E, that is the northern margin of the tropic to central part of middle subtropic of China, with an elevation of 300~1400m. It is generally mixed with other evergreen broadleaf tree species. The average yearly temperature in the distribution area is 13°~19.9℃ and the absolute low one is -13.3℃. The soil of its forestland is latosolizative yellow earth, mountain red or yellow earth with pH4.6~5.6.It has been introduced to Nanjing of Jiangsu Province, the most northern place up to now which is 32°25' N with an elevation of 30 m. The soil there is yellowish brown earth with pH about 7.5. The young trees grow well.