我国化纤工业及其在新世纪初的发展趋势

Chemical fiber industry of China and its development trend in new century

回顾了我国化学纤维工业的发展历史 ,论述了其发展趋势、在纺织工业中的地位及其差距与不足 .经过 40多年的发展 ,中国化纤产量超过美国跃居世界第一 .中国化纤工业已经发展成为一个门类齐全的工业体系 ;已建立了一批大型化纤原料联合企业 ,具备了较强的工程建设和生产管理能力 ;已能自制现代化的化纤设备 ,国产化率达 30 % .出口的纺织品中 ,化纤原料占 1 /3.指明了在 2 1世纪初 ,我国化纤工业科技发展方向 :使用纳米技术 ,改变物理形态或化学结构 ,赋予纤维新的性能和功能 ;应用大容量、高速度、自动化、智能化的设备 ,有效地降低投资与生产成本 ;用碳纤维、超高分子量聚乙烯纤维或改进常规化纤的分子结构、形态制造高强、高模、耐高温的高性能纤维 ;以纤维素、淀粉、大豆、土豆等天然植物或动物甲壳为主要原料生产绿色环保和新型纤维 .指出我国化纤工业的薄弱环节在于化纤原料生产能力落后于抽丝能力 ;化纤工业企业小而散 ,平均规模不及发达国家的 1 /1 0 .为此 ,需要建立有自立知识产权 ,经济技术实力和承担风险能力的化纤工业公司 ;要加强消化吸收 ,研究开发 ,提高企业的创新能力 ;要建立多元化的人才支撑体系 .

The history of chemical fiber industry of China is reviewed.T he development trend in new century,status in textile industry,difference and deficiency of chemical fiber industry of our country are discussed.Through the development of chemical fiber industry for forty years,the chemical fiber output have exceeded that of America and reached the first place of the world.The chemical fiber industry of China has become a complete industry system of various sorts.Big united chemical fiber material corporations that have stronger engineering construction system and production management system have been built.Advanced chemical fiber equipments can be manufactured inland,domestically produced equipments can reach 30%.Chemical fiber material accounts for 1/3 of textiles that are exported.The development tread of chemical fiber industry in China during early 21 century is pointed out.Introducing nanometer technology,changing physical aspect or chemical construction,new property and function are endued with chemical fiber.Applying mass volume,high speed,automatic and intelligent equipment,production cost and investment are reduced.Using carbon fiber,super molecule weight polythene fiber or by improving molecule structure and form of routine chemical fiber to produce high-powered fiber with properties of high strength,high modulus and resistance to high temperature.New type and green environmental protection fiber are produced using cellulose,starch,soybean,Murphy etc natural plants or animal carapace.The weak links lie in productive capacity of chemical fiber material drop behind reel silk capacity.The chemical fiber corporations are small and dispersive,average enterprise size can not reach 1/10 of that of developed countries.The chemical fiber company of independent intellectual asset,economy technology stength and having the ability of bearing risk should be founded.digestion and absorption,research and development should be intensified to improve the innovate ability of corporations.The multivariated talent support system must be established.