试论生物多样性保护理论与实践面临的困难及现实出路

Difficulties and counter-measures for biodiversity conservation

保护生物学作为一门新兴的交叉科学 ,已经在最近的一二十年中迅速发展成为一门独立的学科。然而 ,人们似乎过分沉湎于保护生物学的理论研究之中 ,却对这样一个事实置若罔闻 :保护生物多样性的实践并未能取得预期的成效 ,生物多样性的危机不仅远未消除 ,反而越来越严峻。本文从保护生物多样性的伦理观、保护生物学的理论、保护生物多样性的实践等多个层面上 ,分析了生物多样性保护面临的重重困难 ,着重指出 ,来自社会人文方面的种种不利因素 ,尤其是经济方面的驱动力 ,才是制约生物多样性保护的根源所在。并提出通过人文学科的社会经济、政策、法律等方面与自然学科的技术和理论的密切合作研究 ,综合地探求解决生物多样性危机的有效途径 。

Being a newly developed, cross disciplinary field directed to answering the crisis of sharp biodiversity loss, conservation biology has made fast progress and become an independent subject in the past ten to twenty years. Scientists, however, seem to be indulging in the academic research of conservation biology and pay little attention to the issue of how biology conservation can confront all kinds of difficulties. As a result, conservation practice often has low impact or is even ineffective. In the present paper, we discuss the difficulties based on the ethics of biodiversity conservation, conservation biology theories and conservation practice. In our opinion, the most important factors that have sharply accelerated biodiversity loss are nothing else but complex negative driving forces from human society and economics and this is now restricting the achievement of biodiversity conservation practice. The purpose of this paper is to portray the difficulties of biodiversity conservation and call attention from scientists, leaders, educators and farmers.