野生动物狩猎、贸易和狩猎持续性研究进展

Advances in game hunting, wildlife trade and hunting sustainability

过度狩猎和过度贸易是当前生物多样性保护面临的重大挑战。虎骨和犀牛角贸易、东南亚一带的活野生动物非法狩猎和贸易、俄国远东地区及中俄边境野生动物产品非法贸易、热带地区的野生动物狩猎和丛林肉食贸易以及喜马拉雅区域的野生动物非法贸易正严重威胁着全球的野生动物资源。提倡狩猎持续性是解决过度贸易和过度捕杀的途径之一。在众多的狩猎持续性模型中 ,“狩猎动物避难所模型”和“空间控制模型”提倡在狩猎区建保护区 ,有广泛的应用前景。了解偷猎动态和特征及其对濒危动物种群的影响 ,协调传统医药和野生动物保护间的关系 ,控制边境地区的野生动物非法狩猎和贸易 ,以及在保护实践中运用狩猎持续性模型是未来保护关注的焦点。野生动物非法狩猎和非法贸易严重威胁着我国的生物多样性保护和持续利用 ,但相关的研究却比较少。建议建立野生动物捕杀和贸易的监测机构 ,加强相关的立法、执法和保护区管理 。

Over hunting and over trade in wildlife and its products are big challenges to biodiversity conservation throughout the world. Globally, the trade in tiger bone and rhinoceros horn, illegal trade in live wildlife in Southeast Asia, trade in wildlife products in Russian Far East and across Sino Russia border, tropical bush meat hunting and trade, and illegal trade in wildlife products in Himalayan region, are increasingly threatening wildlife resources in the world. Advocating hunting sustainability is one of the approaches to resolving the problems of over hunting and over trade. In models for hunting sustainability, “the model of game refugia” and “the spatial control approach” which suggest to set aside reserves in hunted areas, will have good prospects in conservation practice. The future directions in conservation related to game hunting and wildlife trade include: to understand poaching dynamics and characteristic and its effects on populations of endangered animals, to harmonize relationship between traditional medicine and wildlife conservation, to control illegal hunting and illegal trade in wildlife and its products across border between countries and to apply hunting sustainability models in conservation practice. The over hunting and over trade in wildlife and its products have seriously threatened China′s biodiversity and its sustainable use, but little information related is available. It is needed for establishing the working agency for monitoring wildlife hunting and wildlife trade, and improving legislation and its enforcement for conservation related and management of nature reserves, and strengthening research on wildlife hunting and wildlife trade in China.