关于蒙古语集合数词缀-γula,-güle的来源问题

Regarding the Origin of -γula,-güle,Suffix to a Mongolian Numeral to Denota a Collective

在蒙古语族语言中 ,联合格、工具格、集合数、复数之间存在着采用一种词缀形式的现象 ,透过这种现象看到这些语法范畴之间存在着一种内在的意义联系 ,这种内在联系就是对有关事物的“总括”的意义。依据这种内在联系通过分析蒙古语族语言中存在的 -la和 -Gッ la或 -Gッ lッ ,-Gala,-Gul 等词缀之间的关系以及比较了 -Gッ la或 -Gッ lッ ,-Gala,-Gul 与蒙古语集合数词缀 -γula,-güle,认为它们具有同源关系。它们都是由早期“二”的集合数词经过长期的语义虚化和语音演变发展来的 ,具体到蒙古语集合数词缀 ,它经过了如下几个阶段的演变 :早期 qoyar“二”+ -la( <-lan)“集合数词缀”的集合数词 * qoyarlan“两个一起”经历了 * qoyar+ -lan→ * qoyilan→ * qoilan→ * qulan→qula〉 -γula～ -güle的演变。

In the Languages of Mongolian Group,there exists a phenomenon that the same sort of suffix form for the joint case?instrumental case?collective numerals?plural is adopted.Through such phenomenon,an in ternal link of the grammatical categories in meaning can be found.The internal link is the 'general' meaning to the things related.Based on the internal link,by analysing the relationship of such suffixes as Gla/ Gl, Gala, Gul in the languages of Mongolian Group,by comparing Gla/ Gl, Gala, Gul with the Mongolian collective numerical suffixes γula, güle,the author believes that they have the cognate relations.Through long term semantic ambiguity and the phonetic changing,they stemmed from the 'two' collective numerals of its early stage.As for the Mongolian collective numerical suffixes,they have undergone the following stages:from early stage qoyar 'two'+ la(< lan) 'collective numerical suffix' *qoyarlan'both?two together' undergone the evolution *qoyar+ lan →*qoyilan →*qoilan →*qulan →qula> to γula~ güle.\;