美国南方重建时期自由民局的政策及作用

On the Freedmen's Bureau in America's South Reconstruction

自由民局是美国南方重建时期处理被遗弃土地及自由民问题的军事组织。它延续了内战时期军队实行的强制性劳动合同政策 ;也根据南方的实际情况采取了一些新措施 ,如帮助黑人购买或租种土地 ;设立法庭 ,处理黑白人之间的合同纠纷 ;改进自由民的医疗及健康状况 ;为其提供救济 ;关心南方自由民的教育 ,从思想上改造他们 ,使其适应资本主义社会新秩序。自由民局在南方重建中起了非常重要的作用。

The Freedmen's Bureau was a military organization that dealt with the deserted land and freedmen's affairs in America's South Reconstruction.It continued the compelled contract policy of the army in the Civil War and adopted some new measures according to the practical situation.For instance, it help the freedmen buy or rent land to plant,set up courts to settle the contract disputes between blacks and whites,improved freedmen's health,gave emergency assistance to them,showed concern for their education ,remoulded their thinking and adjusted themselves to the capitalist new order.It played an important role in South Reconstruction.