汉语词汇定量研究的运用及其特点——兼谈《语言学方法论》的定量研究观

Application and Characteristics of Quantitative Analysis in Chinese Lexicology

定量研究的兴起是当代汉语语言学一个引人注目的特点。定量分析方法在汉语词汇学中推广运用的历史背景及使用特点是 :汉语研究史中“例不十 ,不立法”传统的继承与光大 ;以专书研究为计量研究崛起的主要标志 ;以词量为定量研究的主要内容 ;由手工统计向语料库使用过渡。词汇计量研究要注意选材的典型性、标注的多角度与普遍性 ,切入语料的角度要准 ,要以理论指导定量分析。

Quantitative analysis is a conspicuous feature in contemporary Chinese linguistics. The historical context for the promotion of quantitative analysis in Chinese lexicology and the characteristics of its application are: it helps to develop the tradition of 'no conclusion with less than ten examples' which evolved through the history of Chinese language studies; its first application is known for the starting of thorough analysis of a specific book; it is mainly used in quantifying vocabulary; and it speeds up the transition from manual calculation to using computerized corpus. This paper suggests that attention be paid to the following: multidimensionality of the chosen material and marking systems; choosing a right perspective to approach the corpus; guiding our quantitative analysis with theory; avoiding equating quantitative analysis completely with experimental methods.