从《原道》到《辨道》——韩愈和荻生徂徕关于道的学说的比较

From "Inquiry Into Tao" to "Discrimination of Tao": A Comparison Between Han Yu's and Ogyu Sorai's Interpretations of the Tao Doctrine

道,是儒家学说的重要概念。历史上,随着时代的发展变化,儒家各派对道作出了各式各样的界说。在中国唐朝,韩愈为辨别儒家之道和释老之道的区别而作《原道》,提出以仁义为道。日本江户时代的荻生徂徕为辨别先王之道和儒家之道的区别而作《辨道》,提出以礼乐、六经为道。《原道》和《辨道》对于道的解说虽然明显不同,但是两者之间却存在着继承、发展关系。通过分析、比较韩愈、获生徂徕关于道的学说,可以进一步揭示韩愈和获生徂徕的思想特征,以及儒家思想在日本的流传发展。

Tao is an important concept of Confucianism. With the changes of times different Confucian schools defined Tao in different ways. In the Tang Dynasty Han Yu wrote an article entitled 'Inquiry Into Tao' in order to discriminate the Tao Doctrine of Confucianism from that of Buddhism or Taoism, defining Tao as humanity and righteousness. In the Edo period of Japan Ogyu Sorai wrote an essay entitled 'Discrimination of Tao' in order to distinguish between the Tao advocated by former sovereigns and the Tao of Confucianism, defining Tao as propriety, music and the content of the six classics. There is a relationship of inheritance and development between these two definitions, though the two authors had an obviously different interpretation of the Tao Doctrine. Through analysis and comparison of Han Yu's definition of Tao and Ogyu Sorai's we may further reveal their thinking characteristics and know more about the spread of Confucian thought in Japan.