日语动词体的表达方式

On the expressions of the Japenese verb aspect

体是日语动词重要的语法法范畴之一。体表示动作或状态所具有的内在界限。日语动词体的表达方式有三种 :一是动词连用形后通过接续动词“て”,再接补助动词 ;二是动词连用形后直接接辅助动词 ;三是借助于一些惯用型来表达。关于体的分类 ,诸家提法不一。笔者从中国学生学习和理解的角度着眼 ,参照语法学派的一般观点 ,分成 8大类 :即将体 ,起始体 ,持续体 ,存续体 ,完成体 ,备放体 ,趋向体 。

Aspect is one of the important categories of the Japanese verbs. Aspect expresses the internal ambits of actions or states.There are three expressions of the Japanese verb aspect.One expression is that some verbs,used before other verbs and adjectives,should be followed by the auxiliary word 'て',and then assistant verbs. Another expression is that some verbs are directly followed by assistant verbs. And the third expression is displayed by the use of some consistently used phrases. As to the categories of the Japanese verb aspect,schloars have diverging views.The essay is meant to divide aspect into the aspect of future,the aspect of initiation,the aspect of remaining state,the aspect of completion and remaining state, the aspect of completion state,the aspect of preparation in advance, the aspect of the still progressing inclinations and the aspect of trying in regard to the leaning and understanding of Chinese students and with refernce to the common view of grammar.