不同粉尘诱发大鼠肺泡炎的病理研究

Comparative Study of Alveolitis Induced by Different Dusts in Rats

本文通过在大鼠气管内分别注入温石棉短纤维、石英、TiO_2粉尘诱发大鼠肺泡炎,行光镜和电镜的比较观察。结果显示:3种粉尘的共同反应是急性渗出炎伴肺泡结构损伤,继而渗出物吸收机化与再生修复,最终纤维化。与石英和钛尘比较,石棉纤维更多沉积在细支气管,致细支气管炎伴微小溃疡形成、末梢气腔内纤维素渗出及附壁型为主的弥漫性纤维化为其突出特点。我们发现短纤维温石棉具有肯定的致纤维化潜能。

Short-fiber chrysotile asbestos, silica, and titanium dioxide dus-ty suspensions 25g/L each, were intratracheally instilled to rats,respectively, The animals 5 in each group, were killed at 1, 3,7, 14, 45, and 90 d after treatment, and the alveolitis inducedwere observed light and electron microscopically. The result show-ed that the common pathway of responses at the early stage wascharacterised by acute inflammatory exudation and damage to thealveolar structural units, followed by a stage of absorption or orga-nization of the exsudates and tissue repair, and finally, fibrosis ofvarious types and intensities appeared. In comparison withsilica and TiO_2 dusts, asbestos fibers were deposited much morein the bronchiolar lumen, and pathologically, bronchiolitis withmiui-ulcers, fibrin exudation, and diffuse fibrosis by mural incor-poration of the terminal airspaces were the striking features in theasbestos-treated animals. These findings demonstrated that short-fiber asbestos certainly has fibrogenic effect.