产后抑郁症的发生率及其影响因素的探讨

A study of incidence and the related factors of postpartum depression

目的 探讨产后抑郁症的发病情况及其影响因素。方法 采用爱丁堡产后抑郁量表、产妇一般情况调查表、艾森克个性问卷 (EPQ)对 4 63名产后 3 5～ 60天的产妇进行调查 ,并进行卫生统计学及流行病学分析。结果 ( 1 )产后抑郁症的发病率为 1 0 2 % ( 47 4 63 ) ,并随年龄的增高而升高( χ2 =1 8 52 ,P <0 0 1 ) ;( 2 )EPQ中的N量表分抑郁症组 [( 1 3 4 6± 4 59)分 ]高于非抑郁症组 [( 9 2 5±5 1 2 )分 ;t=3 1 1 ,P <0 0 1 ] ,P量表分抑郁症组 [( 5 3 1± 1 75)分 ]亦高于非抑郁症组 [( 4 0 8± 2 4 7)分 ;t=2 3 0 ,P <0 0 5] ,L量表分抑郁症组 [( 1 1 69± 4 70 )分 ]低于非抑郁症组 [( 1 4 97± 3 2 9)分 ;t=3 2 7,P <0 0 1 ] ;( 3 )非条件Logistic回归分析 :单因素分析 ,有对居住条件不满意等 7项危险因素及分娩过程顺利等 3项保护因素 ;多因素分析 ,有对居住条件不满意等 3项危险因素及与分娩过程顺利等3项保护因素。结论 产后抑郁症是多种因素共同作用的结果 ,其中社会心理因素不容忽视。

Objective To explore the incidence and the related factors of postpartum depression (PPD) Methods 463 women were investigated by using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), the Delivery Woman General Situation Questionnaire and the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) in thirty five days to sixty days after giving birth The data were done with hygienic statistics and epidemiological analysis Results The prevalence rate of postpartum depression was 10 2% (47/463), and more in the elder group (13 4%) than in the younger group (linear trend chi square test,χ 2=18 52, P <0 01) The N score of EPQ was higher in postpartum depression group (13 46±4 59) than in non depression group (9 25±5 12; t =3 11, P <0 01), and so did P score [(5 31±1 75) vs (4 08±2 47); t =2 30, P <0 05], while the L score was lower in depression group [(11 69±4 70) vs (14 97±3 29); t =3 27, P <0 01] Non condition Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors of postpartum depression were dissatisfactory housing condition ( OR =2 30, P <0 01), non harmonious relationship between the family members ( OR =2 84, P <0 01), unhealthy status of delivery in the past ( OR =2 09, P <0 05), and so on There were three protective factors that were husband′s help in breeding infant ( OR =0 35, P <0 01), mental preparation for breeding infant ( OR =0 10, P <0 01), spontaneous delivery ( OR =0 50, P <0 01) Conclusions The postpartum depression is related to many factors, in which the social and mental factors should be paid attention to