肾综合征出血热监测研究

Study on the Surveillance of HFRS in Suxian Prefecture

本文对宿县地区１９８０—１９９８年肾综合征出血热（ＨＦＲＳ）监测结果进行分析。通过人间疫情监测，证实了疫区由西向东不断蔓延，至１９９１年全区５县市均为ＨＦＲＳ疫区。疫情以１１月至翌年２月为主，呈典型的秋冬季单峰型。年龄以２０—４９岁青壮年组发病多，职业以农民最多，男多于女，农村青壮年为该病的高危人群。临床分型以轻、中型为主。健康人群总隐性感染率为３．３６％。对灭鼠控制ＨＦＲＳ高峰期发病效果进行监测研究，结果表明高峰期前灭鼠可达到降低发病率的目的。宿主动物监测显示，室内平均鼠密度为９．８５％（８８４／８９７７），小家鼠和褐家鼠为优势鼠种。室外平均鼠密度为１１．８４％（１０６９／９０２５），以黑线姬鼠为优势鼠种。鼠带毒率褐家鼠为４．８２％，黄胸鼠５．８８％，黑线姬鼠４．２７％，大仓鼠８．１１％，为本区主要传染源。另对海拔高度５０Ｍ的风景区鼠情调查，共捕鼠７种计１１９只，捕鼠率为１２．５７％，社鼠为优势种；社鼠和中华姬鼠为本区首次捕获，也是淮北地区新纪录。发现本区鼠类有１目２科８种，另有食虫目鼠句鼠青科的小鼠句鼠青、麝鼠青２种。对今后ＨＦＲＳ防治工作提出了对策。

This article analyzed and discussed HFRS epidemiological surveillance data from 1980 to 1998 in Suxian prefecture. It proved that the epidemic area of HFRS extended from west to east in the area according to the surveillance. The cases were found in 5 counties of the prefecture by the end of 1991. The infection mainly occurred in the period from November to February and had a typical autumn and winter unimodality. Population with high morbidity was mainly peasants, whose age were from 20 to 49. Major clinical type was light and moderate. The subclinical infection rate of the population was 3.36%. It showed that rodent-control in the epidemic pinnacle could subdue the prevalence according to the surveillance results. The average density of rodent indoor was 10.18% (884/8977). Mus musculus and Rattus norvegicus were preponderant species indoor. Rodent density outdoor was 11.84% (1069/9025). Apodemus agrarius was preponderant species. The infectious rate of Rattus norvegicus, Rattus flavipectus, Apodemus agrarius, Cricetulus triton was 4.82%, 5.88%, 4.27%, 8.11% respectively.They were mainly infection sources in the area. The rodent in the area belonged to one lorder, two subjects, eight species in addtion to Sorex minutus and Crocidura lasiura that belonged to Sricide according to the investigation over height 50 meters. This paper also suggested the prevention strategy for HFRS contron in the future.