略论经济学研究的几次革命

On Revolutions of Economics Researches

经济学的研究在配第手里独立出来 ,在亚当·斯密手里成为一个比较完整的体系 ,在重商主义者那里 ,限于流通领域 ,在古典学派那里进入生产领域。马克思经济学的创立使经济学的研究着力于生产关系 ,涵盖资本主义生产方式的生产过程。凯恩斯革命标志着宏观经济学的确立 ,边际革命使经济学研究的范围和对象从生产转到消费 ,从供给转到需求。

Economics research became an independent discipline thanks to Petty's efforts, and evolved into a relatively integrated system during the ages of Adam Smith. Then, Mercantilists focused on circulation and the Classic School stressed on production. It is the establishment of Marxist Economics that orients the research into productive relationships, covering the production process of Capitalistic productive means. The Keynesian Revolution marks the establishment of Macro Economics, whereas the Marginal Revolution shifts the object and scope of economics research from production to consumption, and fr om supply to demand.