二苯胺生产与发展

Production and Development of Diphenylamine

二苯胺最初作为纤维和含氮类炸药的稳定剂,现在已成为橡胶助剂、染料和医药的重要原料。目前已经工业化和具有工业化前景的合成工艺有苯胺间歇缩合法、苯胺连续缩合法、苯胺苯酚缩合法,其中苯胺间歇缩合法对设备腐蚀严重,副产品多,反应废料处理较困难,能耗高,只能间歇生产,国外已淘汰,但仍是国内的主要工业化生产方法;苯胺苯酚缩合法反应条件温和,物料腐蚀性小,产品质量好,生产成本低,基本无三废,此工艺在国外颇受重视,国内由于催化剂等原因目前尚无法大规模工业化生产;苯胺连续缩合法为最适合我国国情的合成路线,抚顺石油化工研究院研制出固体酸FD-20催化剂,并建成2000t/a的二苯胺工业装置,反应条件温和,催化剂活性高、选择性好,产品质量达到出口要求。目前我国的二苯胺生产能力约为10000t/a,因一部分生产厂处于停产或半停产状态,1999年的实际生产能力约为8000t/a,产量约为5500t,1999年二苯胺市场供需基本平衡。

Diphenylamine was originally used as stabilizer for fiber and explosives containing nitrogen, and now it has become an important raw material of rubber auxiliaries, dyestuff and pharmaceuticals. Aniline discontinuous condensation technology, aniline continuous condensation technology and aniline and phenol condensation technology are commercial processes and processes with commercial prospects, among which such aniline discontinuous condensation technology has shortages such as serious corrosion on equipment, more byproducts, difficulties in handling wastes, high energy consumption and discontinuous operation, it is the main commercial technology at home but has been phased out a-broad; aniline and phenol condensation technology has advantages as mild reaction conditions , less corrosion, good quality products, tow production cost and without three wastes, it has been paid more attention abroad but cannot be put into commercial production at home due to catalyst problems j aniline continuous condensation technology is the most suitable one for China's situation. Fushun Petrochemical Research Institute developed solid acid FD-20 catalyst and built a 2000 t/a facility of producing diphenylamine, the technology has characteristics of mild reaction conditions, high catalyst activity and selectivity and the quality of product has reached that of export product By now China's capacity of diphenylamine is about 10000 t/a. Because some producers stopped or half-stopped production the actual capacity was 8000 t/a and output was 5500 t/a in 1999. The demand of diphenylamine was basically balanced with supply in 1999.