葱叶枯病菌 Stemphylium botryosum毒素的分离与除草活性研究

The Study on the Isolation and Weed-controlling Activity of Pathotoxin Produced by Stemphylium botryosum

葱叶枯病菌在活体外可以产生致病毒素 ,用改良 PS培养基培养所得滤液经TLC分离获得 、 、 、 、 5种组分 ,其 Rf 值分别为 0 .31、0 .4 7、0 .74、0 .80和 0 .90 ,在乙醇中最大紫外吸收峰分别为 2 4 0、2 4 7、2 2 3、2 36和 2 58nm。生物测定结果表明 ,组分 、 、 对马唐的生长有明显的抑制作用 ,其中以组分 生物活性最高。粗毒素对禾本科杂草种子萌发抑制效果高于对阔叶杂草 ,而对玉米、水稻、油菜等种子萌发影响很小。试验还发现 ,毒素对马唐的防效最高 ,与百草枯药效相当。毒素对马唐叶绿素 a的含量影响不大 ,但对叶绿素 b和叶绿素总含量影响较大。

Stemphylium botryosum could produce pathotoxin in vitro . Five fractions(Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ) had been obtained by TLC and HPLC chromatography, their R f values were 0.31,0.47, 0.74, 0.80 and 0.90, and their max. ultraviolet absorption were 240,247,223,236 and 258 nm, respectively. Three fractions (Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ) strongly inhibited the growth of Digitaria sanguinalis , among them the fraction Ⅳ had the highest activity. The inhibitory effect of crude toxin on the germination of gramineous weed seeds was much higher than that of the broad leaf weeds. This toxin has little influence on the seeds of maize, rice, rape and Chinese cabbage. The results of the greenhouse pot experiment indicated that the defensive effect of the crude toxin on Digitaria sanguinalis was the highest, equal to the effect of paraguar. Moreover the toxin could affect the content of Chlorophyll in Digitaria sanguinalis ; and especially the content of Chlorophyll b.