基础教育经费投入的性质与特点

Properties & characteristic of Fund input in the Elementary Education

基础教育经费投入属于“提供公共财”，具有非排他性、非竞争性和非盈利特点。基础教育投入是政府职能，方式为提供“公共财政支出”或指导社会与个人投入。教育财政拨款是根本性的，由此保证基础教育的国家文化属性。我国“分级办学分级管理”形成以基层为主体的投入；必要目标与财力资源的明显反差造成教育投资在地区间、城乡间分布严重不均衡，加重了学生、学校与群众的负担。

Elementary educational fund, which belongs to public property, is nonexclusive, noncompetitive and nonprofit-making. It is a govemmental function to invest in elementary education, by providing public financial expenditure or directing social and private investment. Educational appropriation is dominant among all the input is fundamental so as to ensure elementary education has the property of national culture. In China, govemments at different levels are in charge of and manage relevant schools, thus forming the input system with the grass-roots level input as the main body. However, the obvious contrast between the necessary goal and financial resource has caused lopsided distribution of educational investment between different regions and between urban areas and rural areas, making the burden of students, schools and masses heavier.