秸秆覆盖免耕土壤真菌群落结构与生态特征研究

Community structures of saprophytic soil microfungi in three differently cultivated field soils in the North of China

不同耕作方法土壤真菌群落结构和生态特征分析表明 ,翻耕 0～ 1 0 cm土层土壤真菌群落含有 2 9种真菌 ,其中以Chrysosporium merdarium为优势种 ;翻耕 1 0～ 2 0 cm土层含有 1 7种真菌 ,以 Sterile black A为优势种 ;翻耕 2 0～ 3 0 cm土层含有 1 0种真菌 ,其中以 Chaetomium bostrychodes为优势种。铁茬 0～ 1 0 cm含 1 6种真菌 ,其中 Sterile black A是优势种 ;铁茬 1 0～ 2 0 cm土层含有 2 6种真菌 ,优势种为 Sterile black A;铁茬 2 0～ 3 0 cm含有 1 4种真菌 ,其中 Chaetomiumbostrychodes为优势种。免耕 0～ 1 0 cm土层由 2 3种真菌构成 ,Trichoderma viride和 T.koningii为优势种 ;免耕 1 0～ 2 0 cm土层由 1 4个种类构成 ,Talaromycestrachyspermus为优势种 ;免耕 2 0～ 3 0 cm土壤由 9种真菌组成 ,其中 Talaromycestra-chyspermus为优势种。免耕土壤真菌群落的多样性和均匀度指数均较高。主成分分析表明 ,土壤耕作形成了特征性的真菌区系。

The community structure and composition of soil microfungi in different tillage methods have been studied. The fungi recorded were mostly Deuteromycetes. 29 species were isolated from Conventional tillage 0~10 cm soil layer and Chrysosporium merdarium was the most dominant fungi, 17 species in Conventional tillage 10~20 cm soil and Sterile black species A fungus dominant, 10 species in Conventional tillage 20~30 cm soil and Chaetomium bostrychodes dominant; 16 species in Direct drilling 0~10 cm soil and Sterile black species A fungus was the dominant species, 26 species in Direct drilling 10~20 cm soil and sterile black species A fungus was the dominant species, 14 species in Direct drilling 20~30 cm soil and Chaetomium bostrychodes was the dominant species; 23 species in No-tillage 0~10 cm soil and Trichoderma viride and T. koningii were the dominant ones, 14 species in No-tillage 10~20 cm soil and Talaromyces trachyspermus was the dominant one, 9 species in No-tillage 20~30 cm soil and Talaromyces trachyspermus was the dominant one. The diversity was higher in No-tillage fungal community than that in other tillage treatments. Soil microfungal populations existed in No-tillage, Direct drilling, and Conventional tillage soils were characterized by different community compositions.