供需链协调控制机制

Coordination mechanism of supply chain management

供需链是由物流、信息流和资金流联结起来的多个实体构成的供需网络。供需链管理一般是由多个实体组成的分布决策结构 ,由于非对称信息结构和不一致激励 ,以集中控制为主的传统供需链管理最优决策难以实现 ,而局部最优决策又不能保证系统整体性能。因此分布决策结构下的协调机制的研究倍受关注。论文首先阐述供需链协调问题的产生 ,然后基于博弈论和机制设计理论给出供需链协调问题和原理的形式化描述 ,在此基础上提出供需链协调机制分析和设计方法 ,介绍几类典型的供需链协调机制 。

A supply chain is a network of entities linked by a flow of goods, information, and funds. Supply chain management involves multiple entities in a decentralized decision structure. Because of incompatible incentives and asymmetric information, optimization in traditional supply chain management based on centralized control is impossible to be realized in practice and decisions that are locally optimal can be inefficient from a global perspective. So coordination is needed to improve system performance with a decentralized decision structure. This paper describes the supply chain coordination problem and a mathematical formulation of supply chain coordination in a twomember context using game theory and mechanism design. The formulation, is then used to analyze and design the supply chain coordination mechanism. Several typical supply chain contracts are introduced as examples of coordination mechanisms. Finally, we describe the challenges and future research needs of supply chain coordination.