身份等级制与多元价值观——德川身份等级制初探

The Social Estate System and the PluralisticValues ——Probe into the social estate system during the Tokugawa Shogunate reign

日本德川时代阶级统治的支柱身分等级制 ,首开政治与经济二元分离的先河 ,将政治和经济领域分别交给统治者与被统治者 ,士农工商都有只属于自己的社会资源。德川幕府 2 6 0多年的和平 ,经济文化的迅速发展 ,都与身分等级制下身分、职业、道德、多元价值与社会秩序的整合密不可分。最重要的意义还在于 ,从历史因果关系来看 ,身分等级制的基础———权力与财富分离 ,弱化了统治者自身 ,武士走上了自我消亡的不归路 ,农工商则得到了相对独立的发展。各得其所、多元追求的价值观念 ,大众在职业生活中形成的许多属于“现代化”的因素 。

The social estate system during the Tokugawa Shogunate reign was the pillar of the society. It separates politics from economy for the first time in history, giving political affairs to the ruling class and the economic domain to the ruled one. The gentry, merchants, craftsmen and peasants had their own social resources. Under the social estate system, the personal status, profession, morality and social order were very closely related to the quick development of culture and economy during the Tokugawa Shogunate reign in more than 260 years. From the historical causality, the separation of the power from the wealth was the base of the social estate system. It weakened the ruling class. As a consequence, the warriors began to move in the orientation of self disappearing while the peasants, craftsmen and merchants developed themselves more independently. The pluralistic values and many factors for 'modernization' that people created in their professions paved the way for Japan to develop modernization at a quick speed.