ASMEC-O:一个基于主体的开放经济模型

ASMEC-O: An Agent-based Model of the Open Economy

为了分析国际贸易对一个国家宏观经济的影响 ,我们提供了一个基于主体的开放经济模型———ASMEC -O。模型由两个独立的国家组成 ,并通过外汇主体联系在一起。每个国家都由多个家庭、多个企业和一个政府组成 ,他们通过产品市场和劳动力市场相互作用。家庭依据收入和价格进行消费 ;企业依据库存量和销售量制定生产策略 ,依据利润、销售量和价格制定销售决策 ;政府通过税收和支付社会保障金来维持经济的平等。通过国际贸易 ,两国的产品可以相互流动。外汇主体可以将一国货币转换成另一国货币 ,并调整汇率的大小来反映资金的波动。政府可以通过制定关税控制进口产品的数量。在模型的运行过程中 ,家庭可以应用遗传算法进化其劳动生产率 ,企业可以应用分类器系统完善其定价策略。实验结果表明 :发展中国家通过适当地制定关税 ,经济可以达到较高的增长速度 ,平均失业率逐步下降 ,汇率趋于稳定。

In order to analyze international trade effect for the economy, we provide an agent-based model of the open economy - ASMEC-O. The model consists of two separate economies connected by a foreign exchange agent. Each economy has household agents, firm agents and a government agent, they act upon each other through product market and labor market. Households consume according to their income and price; Firms make their product strategy according to their inventory and sales, make their sales strategy according to profit, sales and price. Government keeps the economy's equality through revenue from tax and pay for the unemployment. With the international trade, the products of the two economies can interflow between each other. The exchange agent converts one currency to another and adjusts the foreign exchange rate to reflect the flow of funds. Government controls the import through setting down the tariff. In the running process, households use genetic algorithm to develop their productivity, firms apply classifier system to make their price strategy perfectly. The result shows that the developing country's economy can reach a higher speed, lower unemployment rate and stable exchange rate by making a appropriate tariff.