冷战初期美国对日本加入关贸总协定的外交政策

The Diplomatic Policies of the U.S. towards Japan's Joining the GATT in the earlier Period of the Cold War

1948年 ,美国为适应冷战的需要而转变对日占领政策后 ,将日本加入关贸总协定作为复兴日本经济的一个关键措施。为此 ,在杜鲁门和艾森豪威尔任总统期间 ,美国政府不遗余力地推动日本入关。一方面 ,美国在国际上竭力与以英国为首的反对日本入关势力作斗争 ;另一方面 ,在国内千方百计克服国会中的贸易保护主义势力给政府造成的困难。虽然日本最终入关 ,但美国的政策并未完全获得成功 。

The U.S. took Japan's getting into the GATT as the key measure to recover Japan's economy in 1948 after it had changed its policies of occupying Japan in the needs of the Cold War. Therefore, the U.S. had made its best to drag Japan into the GATT in the periods of Truman and Eisenhower governments. To accomplish this task, it had to struggle with the international opposing forces leading by UK on the one hand, on the other hand, it had to get over the troubles made by the protectionism group in the Congress by all means. Although eventually Japan became a GATT member, the U.S. did not completely win, since Japan's becoming a GATT member has exerted some negative effects both on American economy and on the economic relation between US and Japan.