1977-2000年舟山市织纹螺中毒流行病学特征及毒理学监测结果分析

Analysis on Epidemiological and Toxicological Characteristics of Nassarius Poisoning in Zhoushan City from 1977 to 2000

[目的 ]从织纹螺中毒的流行病学特征分析入手 ,结合毒理学监测资料 ,探索其毒力消长及中毒发生规律 ,为减少和控制中毒提供科学依据。 [方法 ]收集 1977年以来舟山市织纹螺中毒资料 ,作中毒发生时间、空间和人群等流行病学特征分析。按美国公职分析化学家协会方法 ,采集舟山重点海域潮间带织纹螺作毒力测定 ,以 MU(Mouse Unit)作为毒力单位。 [结果 ]1977- 2 0 0 0年舟山市共发生织纹螺中毒 42起 ,中毒 30 7例 ,死亡 16例。其流行病学特征为 :中毒时间有一定的周期性和明确的季节性 ,中毒高发间隔 1～ 4年 ,6～ 8月份为高峰 ;有一定的地域分布特征 ,大部分发生在舟山本岛等三岛。中毒人群分布无明显特征。毒理学监测资料显示 :同一地域不同时间或同一时间不同地域织纹螺毒力消长方向及速度均不相同。织纹螺从低毒到高毒仅需 3～ 4个月 ,而从高毒到低毒约需 2～ 3年。 [结论 ]织纹螺本身不带毒 ,其体内所含毒素系环境因素毒化所致。

To find the regularity of toxicity growth and decline of nassarius and its poisoning according to the epidemiological and toxicological characteristics of nassarius poisoning, and then supply the scientific proofs to control the poisoning Nassarius poisoning data in Zhoushan city from 1977 to 2000 were collected and analyzed The toxicity of nassarius collected from some beach of Zhoushan archipelago was detected by AOAC methods The toxicity was shown as mouse unit (MU) Forty two nassarius poisoning (307 cases) happened in the city from 1977 to 2000 Epidemiological analysis showed that there were periodicity and seasonality in the poisoning The interval was 1～4 years and the high incidence seasons were from June to August (>80%) Mos of the poisoning (>70%) happened in the main island and its two nearby islands No population distribution characteristics were found in the poisoning Toxicological detection results showed that the growth and decline of the toxicity varied from place and time Nassarius needed 3～4 months to become high toxicity and 2～3 years later to become low toxicity [Conclusion] Nassarius have not any toxin themselves The toxin contained in nassarius results from the environment Monitoring the toxicity and preventing people from eating high toxicity nassarius is an effective way to control the poisoning