解放前俄国和苏联学者在新疆的石油地质调查

On Petroleum Geological Investigations Conducted in Xinjiang by Geologists of Former Russia and Soviet Union Before 1949 A．D．

从19世纪20年代开始，受俄国政府派遣或支持，俄国的一些地质家开始到新疆进行地质调查。初期是纯地理性质的，涉及石油地质方面的内容很少。19世纪末到20世纪20年代以前以路线踏勘为主，石油地质问题受到重视，对重要油苗区进行了描述和研究，最有成就的当推地质地理学家奥布鲁切夫。1935—1943年，苏联地质家在新疆进行路线性地质普查，石油是重点普查的矿产之一，积累了相当的资料，并钻探和开发了独山子油田。

： Beginning from the second decade of 19th century， there were some Russian geologists， either dispatched or supported by then Czar＇s Russian government， who started geological investigations in Xinjiang． In that early stage， the investigations are most limited in pure geography field， seldom dealing with petroleum geology． During the period from the end of 19th century till the second decade of 20th century， the conducted investigations were basically reconnaissance survey，starting to attach importance to petroleum deposits， and some important oil deposit areas had been described and studied． Among those people， whom he contributed most ought to be then geologist and geographer Obuluchev． During the period of 1935－1943， the Soviet Union＇s geologists conducted geological reconnaissance survey in Xinjiang， petroleum deposits were placed as one of the key targets， hence accumulating certain amount of related data， then the Dushanzi oilfield was discovered by drilling exploration and put into development．