中国北方沙尘灾害特点及其下垫面状况的遥感监测

Monitoring of the Characters and Ground-surface of Dust Storm Areain North China Using Remote Sensing

20 0 0年春季 ,中国北方地区多次受到沙尘灾害的影响 ,对生产、生活活动造成了多方面的不利影响。采用遥感和GIS技术进行沙尘灾害的过程监测、空间特点分析和下垫面状况分析是一个有效的技术方法 ,通过对沙尘灾害发生、发展的环境条件的了解 ,可以为减轻沙尘天气的危害、防治等一系列决策措施的制定、实施提供客观、及时的空间信息 ,有助于制定和实施区域生态环境保护措施 ,以便减少沙尘天气的次数和减轻灾害性天气的危害程度。

Dust storm hits North China many times during the spring in 2000, bringing adverse influence on the activities of both production and living. It is an effective technological method used to monitor the process of the dust, to research the spatial characters, and to analysis the under_surface of the dust by means of Remote Sensing and GIS. The scope and characters of dust storm ever having happened could be acquired by analyzing over twenty temporal images received by remote sensing satellite when the storm happened and proceeded. The region influenced directly by dust storm is estimated to be about two million square kilometers. Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Beijing, and Tianjing are the regions influenced by dust storm most frequently. In this article land use and its recent changes, soil characters, vegetation coverage, soil erosion, and natural environment of the region which dust storm passed through are put together to analyze by overlying the remote sensing data and spatial data. Dust storm in North China has a Multi_source character. The region where this kind of damage concentrates has a spatial coherence with the Farm_pasture region, the water and wind erosion region and the half drought region in North China. The increasing of human activity has a direct influence on the forming of dust storm. Then there comes the conclusion that the time and spatial characters of the environment that gives birth to the dust storm can be entirely known by people through Multi_subject spatial data analysis. This analysis can provide objective spatial information in time for the establishment and actualizing of the laws about natural environment protection in order to release, or even avoid the dust damage. It also plays an important role in reducing the times that dust storm appears and decreasing the damage brought by this disastrous weather.