谭嗣同激进的社会变革观与不可行性之浅探

Preminary Analysis of Tan Sitong's Radical Idea on Social Reformation and Its Unpracticality

谭嗣同是清末杰出的社会改革家。当中华民族面临亡国灭种的危机时 ,提出了“大变、快变、全变”的激进变革观。其变革思想的主要内容是力主排挤满族贵族统治 ,猛烈批判二千多年来固有的封建纲常名教 ,为兴民权摇旗呐喊 ,振臂高呼。基本依据是王夫之“器变则道变 ,器亡则道亡”的唯物论思想、西方传入的自然进化论和天赋人权观、佛学中大无畏的牺牲精神和康有为的“托古改制”理论。谭氏过激的变革思想并不能改造中国 ,最终流于破产。

Tan Sitong was an outstanding social reformer at the end of the Qing Dynasty. Confronted with the crucial circumstances of Chinese nation suffering national subjugation and genocide, Tan promoted his radical concept of 'large ,sharp and thorough reformation'. In other words, Tan Sitong strongly advocated excluding noble reign of Man nationality, violently criticized the 2000-year-long feudalism, waved flags and shouted battle cries for civil rights. All this was the main content of reformation concept. Its fundamental basis was Wang Chuanshan's materialism thought ,Darwin's natural evolution and Lu Suo's theory of the inalienable rights of man from the west, dauntless sacrifice spirit in Buddhist philosophy and Kang Youwei's theory of 'carrying out reforms in the nature ancient precedents'. However ,Tan Shitong's radical reformation concept couldn't remould China and he sacrificed his life for institutional reform. Nevertheless, the unpracticality of his reformation leaves much for the successors to inquire so that people can draw on some historical experience from it to further Chinese reforms today.