汉代的古今观及其理论的构建

On the Theory Concerning Past and Present and Its Theoretical Construction in the Han Dynasty

汉武帝“独尊儒术”后，经学的古今观已重新构建 。在历史的教训下，经学对原有的古今观作了反思，并有了明显变化，很快得到汉王朝的认 可和采纳。这种新的古今观的特点是强调古今社会及其统治政策的变化，而所以变化的原因 则是缘于所谓“时异”，亦即历史条件的变化。虽然汉代经学的古今观有着厚古薄今、往往 比较保守的一面，但总的来说，它对顺应汉代统治政策的调整和强化皇权都发挥了极其重要 的理论作用，并产生了深远影响。

After Emperor Wudi of the Han Dynasty advocated “Confucianism the Norm”, the Confucian theory concerning the past and the pres ent was reconstructed. Scholars learned from history, and reexamined the original t h eory. Great changes occurred and the revised theory was readily accepted by the H an Dynasty. The new theory was characterized by its emphasis on the changes in a n cient and modern societies and policies of governance, and cause for the changes could be attributed to “time change”, i.e., changes in historical conditions. In conclusion, even though the new theory had such problems as valuing the past mor e than the present and being conservative, it played a significant theoretical ro l e in adjusting the policies and strengthening imperial authority in the Han dyna s ty, and had a far reaching effect.