西周学制考辨三题

Three Inquiries into the Educational System of the Western Zhou Period

周代学制研究在过去属于“礼学”研究范围， 自汉代以来，历代学者的见解多附于“三礼”注疏之中，不免正误相杂。实际上，辟雍是周 代大学的总名，周代明堂与辟雍已经分立，功效各自不同。西周时“国”有学，而“野”无 学，这是由周代的社会性质所决定的。

The educational system in the Zhou Period is part of “Li Yue”(礼乐) civilizati on in ancient China, and used to belong to studies in “Li Xue”. Since the Ha n Dynas ty, scholars of different generations had approached this issue, and their persp e ctives, mostly found in the notes to “San Li”(三礼),were inevitably a juxtapos iti on of accuracy and mistakes. The author of this article believes that “Pi Yong ”(辟 雍) is the general term for “Da Xue” (大学) in the Zhou Period, and that in that Period, “Ming Tang” (明堂) and “Pi Yong” were independent o f each o ther, with different functions. They existed in cities, and none in the “suburb s”. This phenomenon is determined by the nature of the Zhou society.