摘要
东亚地区长期存在着一个以中国为核心的封贡体系 国际秩序。随着西方列强决意打开中国的大门,东亚传统的国际秩序与近代国际体系发生了 激烈的碰撞。中国在这一碰撞中遭受了沉重的冲击。经过两次鸦片战争,掠取了巨大利益的 西方列强调整对华策略,而清政府也被迫重新认识对外关系。1860年以后的近20年里,中国 逐渐从被动接纳近代国际体系向主动加入近代国际体系转变。以70年代末向欧美诸国派遣常 驻使节为标志,中国完成了加入近代国际体系的历程。
A tributary system centered round China had long existed in East Asia. This traditional international order came into fierce col l ision with the modern international system when Western powers determined to mak e China open its door to them, with great losses for China. After the two Opium W a rs, the satisfied Western powers adopted a cooperative policy toward China, whil e the Qing imperial court was compelled to reexamine its foreign relations. China experienced a transition from passive acceptance to active participation in the m odern international system in the 1860's and 1870's. With the establishment of t h e first embassies in European countries and the United States in the late 1870's , China completed its process of accession to the modern international system.
出处
《南京大学学报(哲学.人文科学.社会科学)》
CSSCI
北大核心
2001年第6期104-112,共9页
Journal of Nanjing University(Philosophy,Humanities and Social Sciences)
关键词
中国
近代
国际体系
封贡体系
合作政策
东亚地区
China; modern times; international system; tributary system; cooperative policy