615例海洛因依赖者复吸原因调查与分析

AN ANALYSIS OF RELAPSE FACTORS OF 615 HEROIN ADDICTS

目的··:了解海洛因依赖者脱毒后复吸的原因 ,寻求有效的预防复吸措施。方法··:采用《药物滥用复吸因素调查表》对615例海洛因依赖者脱毒后复吸的情况进行调查。结果··:在615例被调查者中 ,脱毒后出院3d内复吸的占21.79 % ;1个月内复吸的占52.36 % ;6个月内复吸的占93.50 % ;1a内复吸率高达97.89 %。自愿戒毒、强制戒毒与劳教戒毒出所后不同时间内的复吸率比较无显著性差异 (P>0.05)。难以抗拒的对药物的心理渴求是产生复吸的主要心理因素 (占86.99 % ) ;身体不适、失眠等稽延性戒断症状是产生复吸的主要生理因素 (占76.75 % ) ;毒友引诱是产生复吸的主要社会因素 (占75.94 % )。心理、生理、社会诸因素造成海洛因依赖者脱毒后不能保持操守。结论·· :脱毒后给予必要的对症治疗和坚持不懈的行为矫治 ,以及持之以恒的家庭关心、监督 ,社会帮教、扶持 ,政府部门监控、管制和严惩毒贩 ,清除毒源等综合治理 。

Objective: To understand the relapse factors of heroin addicts after detoxification so as to find an effective way to prevent it. Method: A survey utilizing 'Drug Abuse and Relapse Factors Questionnaire' was conducted on 615 heroin addicts after detoxification. Result:Among the 615 cases, 21.79% relapsed within three days after they left detoxification units; 52.36% a month; 93.50% six months. The relapse rate within a year was as high as 97.89%. The difference in relapse rates of volunteer detoxification, imperative detoxification and the detoxification via reeducation through labor was not obvious(P>0.05). The main reasons for this high relapse rate were: drug craving(86.99%), physical protracted withdrawal syndromes(76.75%), lure of co-addicts (75.94%). Psychological,physical and social factors were comprehensive factors resulting in relapse. Conclusion: Choosing right medicine for detoxification and conducting psychological treatment after drug abstinence are necessary to reduce relapse rate.