南美白对虾人工繁育技术的初步研究

PRELIMINARY STUDIES ON THE ARTIFICIAL REPRODUCTION OF PENAEUS VANNAMEI

于 1 997年 9月— 2 0 0 0年 7月 ,在辽宁盘锦市外贸实业总公司虾苗场、辽宁庄河市天源水产公司虾苗场及海南大众凌伟海洋产业有限公司海洋中心选用人工培育的南美白对虾(Penaeusvannamei)种虾 ,采用眼柄摘除手术处理雌虾 ,进行人工繁育技术研究。结果表明 ,人工养殖的体重在 40g以上的南美白对虾雌虾 ,经单侧眼柄摘除手术后 ,一部分个体于手术后5— 1 5d内卵巢发育成熟并产卵 ;另一部分个体则于手术后的 3— 7d内蜕壳 ,蜕壳后 9— 1 5d卵巢发育成熟并产卵。采用自然光照与人工光照相结合 ,控制光强度在 1 0 0— 1 5 0lx ,光暗周期为 1 4∶1 0 ,南美白对虾一般于每天 1 5∶0 0— 1 6∶0 0时开始交配并持续到 2 3∶0 0时左右或更晚。在 1 5 0d的诱交实验中 ,分池诱交组的交配率明显高于同池诱交组 ,最高达 70 .7%。

The results obtained from studies conducted from September, 1997 to July, 2000 w ith pond cultured broodstocks of Penaeus vannamei at hatcheries in Liaoning and Hainan Provinces indicated that some pond cultured females of P. vannamei over 40g in body weight began to mature and spawn within 5\_15 days after uni lateral eyestalk ablation, while others moult within 3\_7 days and mature and sp awn about 9\_15 days late after moulting. Under conditions of about 100\_150 lx in light intensity and 14 hours bright to 10 hours dark for photo cycle controle d by nature and artificial illuminating, P. vannamei began to mate from 15∶ 00\_16∶00 and continues to about 23∶00 or later every day. In the 150 days tes t on induced mating of P. vannamei, the mating rate for the group in which m ale and female broodstocks stocked in different tanks was obviously higher than that in the same tank, with the max mating rate up to 70.7%.