清代广州行商倪秉发事迹

A Profile of Ni Bingfa the Hong Merchant of the Qing Dynasty

文章通过对达成行商人倪秉发进行对外贸易的一些事例，对清代乾隆、嘉庆年间广州口岸的外贸状况进行探讨，说明在新的贸易方式和旧的管理体制下，弱小的行商努力再三，也只有以破产而告终。

This article focuses on the dealings between Ni Bingfa and some foreign merchants in Canton. During the last decade of the 18th century and the first decade of the 19th century, many Hong Merchants of Canton (Guangzhou) became bankrupt, including Ni Bingfa. He had tried hard to escape such a fate, but it was beyond his ability to bridge his trade between the old foreign trade system of the Qing Dynasty and the 'new market network', weaved mainly by the merchants of Europe and of America.