甲状旁腺超声成像的应用解剖

Applied anatomy of parathyroid gland for ultrasonography purpose

目的 :在开展甲状旁腺疾病的超声诊断及甲状旁腺增生的超声介入治疗前 ,认识和掌握甲状旁腺的解剖学特征。方法 :在 2 0具成人尸体上观测甲状旁腺的位置、数目 ,甲状旁腺与甲状腺的毗邻关系 ;测量甲状旁腺的最大长度、宽度和厚度 ,并测量甲状旁腺距甲状腺后缘或上、下极之间的距离。 结果 :2 0例标本共解剖出 6 5个甲状旁腺 ,平均每例 3.2 5个 ;其中上、下甲状旁腺成对出现者 7例 (35 % ) ,成对的上甲状旁腺并单侧下甲状旁腺者 4例 (2 0 % ) ,成对的下甲状旁腺并单侧上甲状旁腺者 1例 (5 % ) ,只解剖到上甲状旁腺和下甲状旁腺的分别为 4例 (2 0 % )。 结论 :本研究所获得的相关结果 ,对应用超声检查甲状旁腺以及进行超声引导下穿刺甲状旁腺时设计安全有效的进针路径具有指导意义。

Objective: To study the anatomy of parathyroid gland for high-resolution ultrasonography and interventional ultrasound. Methods: Dissection of parathyroid gland was done on 20 adult cadavers with careful determination of the locations, numbers and size of identified glands. Results: There were 65 parathyroid glands identified in total, with an average of 3.25 glands per cadaver. In 8 cadavers(40%), both the superior and inferior parathyroid were single. In another 7 cadavers (35%), either the superior or the inferior parathyroid were found in pair. Four among 20 cadavers (20%) showed paired superior glands with a single inferior one, while in only one cadaver(5%) the inferior glands were in pair and the superior gland in single. Conclusion: Acquaintance of detailed parathyroid anatomy may help to conduct parathyroid ultrasonography and establish a safe and effective puncture route.