纳米科学和纳米技术——挑战和机遇

NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY--CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES

在科学和技术的发展史上,蒸汽机使人类进入工业时代,实现了机器代替手;晶体管和集成电路使人类进入信息时代,实现了机器代替脑。纳米技术有可能是人类历史上的第三次产业革命,它将使人类进入智能化的类生物体系的生产时代,这意味着纳米科技的最高宗旨是制造出类似于动物具有感官,智能,反馈,自修复等高级功能机器的一门技术。本文从未来科技发展对人类提出的挑战和机遇出发,阐述了发展纳米科技是迎接这些挑战的必经之路。发展纳米技术是势在必行,机不可失。从科学角度本文也论述了什么是纳米科技,为什么发展纳米科技目前如此之火热。

In the history of science and technology, steam engine has sparkled the industrial revolution and it has achieved the substitution of human hands by machines. Transistors and integrated circuits have brought in the revolution in information technology, and made it possible to substitute human brains by computers. Nanotechnology is likely to be the third industrial revolution in human history, and it will guide men into the industrialized artificial intelligence time. The ultimate goal of nanotechnology is to manufacture systems that function like a biological system, exhibiting sensing, intelligence processing, actuating, feedback, self-diagnosing, self-recovering and self-repairing. This article is about the challenges and opportunities to be brought in by future technology, and it shows that nanotechnology is the only choice to meet the challenges. It is intended to answer the questions such as what is nanotechnology and why it is the top research agenda worldwide now.