三系法与二系法杂交育种方法的比较

Comparison of Three-line-method and Two-line-method in Cross Breeding

对三系法和二系法杂交育种进行了比较,结果表明,三系法是一种行之有效的传统育种方法,但它必须要三系(不育系,保持系,恢复系)配套,增加了育种的时间和资金;而二系法选用光敏核不育系的自交不育系做母本,用加显性标记基因的恢复系作父本,省去了繁殖保持系的工作,同时,这种不育系会因光照长度或温度高低(或两者兼有)而在可育与不育之间互相转换,而这些条件都可以人为控制,这既保证了杂种优势的利用,又节省了资金,是一种具有广阔前景的育种方法。

Two cross breeding methods (three-line, two-line) were compared. The results indicate that, as a conventional breeding method, the three-line-method is effective but needs three lines (the sterile line, the sterility line, and the fertility line), therefore costs more time and money. On the other hand, the two-line-method uses photoactive caryonic male sterile line as the maternal, fertility restore line with dominant marker gene as the paternal, and needs no breeding of sterility maintainer line. This sterile line can change from sterile to fertile or form fertile to sterile, depending on the time of illumination and/or temperature, that can be easily manipulated. This method not only ensures the hybrid vigor, but also saves fund, and tells a better future.