中国北亚热带次生森林植被的特征分析

ANALYSIS OF CHARACTERISTICS OF SECONDARY FOREST VEGETATION IN THE NORTH SUBTROPICAL ZONE OF CHINA

本文利用江苏宝华山、紫金山,安徽大别山,河南大别山、桐柏山、金岗台和湖北神农架等地的资料,从属种组成、区系地理、物种多样性、生活型、群落类型、植被演替方面对北亚热带次生森林植被的特征进行了简要分析,分析表明: 1:在北亚热带次生森林植被中,温带成份占56.0％,热带成份占33.7％,世界成份占79％,中国特有成份占2.4％。其中,禾本科、菊科、蔷薇科、豆科、毛莨科、萝科、唇形科等是主要的区系组成。 2.高位芽植物仍是北亚热带次生森林植被的主要生活型,约占总种数的40.3％,其次为地面芽(24.0％)、一年生(13.2％)、隐芽(11.9％)和地上芽植物(10.9％)。 3.落叶阔叶林和人工针叶林已成为该地带的主要植被类型,它将由强阳性树种占优势的群落向耐阴性树种占优热的群落演替,演棒中土壤和人类有着积极的作用。地带性落叶常绿阔叶混交林在多数地区已不再存在,只有少量常绿树种零星分布于次生森林之中,成为地带性植被曾经存在的象征。

According to the materials from Baohua Mountain, Zijin Mountain of Jiangsu prov-ince; Dabie Mountain of Anhui province; Tongbai Mountain, Dabie Mountain of Henan province and shennongjia Mountain of Hubei province, the authors analysed the characterstics of plant flora, phytogeography, species diversity, lifeforms, vegetation types, community evolution and community environment of the secondary forest vegetation in the north subropical zone. The results show that: 1: Species belonging to ten families, such as Gramineae, Compositae, Rosaceae, Leguminae, Rannunlaceae, Labiatae, are the major folra of the vegetation. The temperate components is 55.7% and the subtropical components, is 33.6% of the whole flora. 2: Phanerophytes is about 40.5% and is the major lifeform of the vegetation; the others are Hemierytophytes, Therophytes, Cryptophytes, and Chamaephytes in order of percen-tage. 3: Deciduous broadleaf forest and artificial coniferous forest occupy most of the area and will evolute from the communities of tree species with no shade tolerance to the com-munities of tree species with dominant shade tolerance. And in the evolution soil and man-kind have great influence. Decidous and evergreen broadleaf mixed forest has nearly van-ished in the north subtropical zone, and only some evergreen species exist in the secondary vegetation.