论熵方程在热力学第二定律中的作用和地位

Discussions on Effect and Position of Entropy Equation in the Second Law of Thermodynamics

传统的热力学第二定律是以开尔文—普朗克说法和克劳修斯说法为基础加以阐述的,而长期以来只用文字描述而没有一个统一的完整的数学表达式加以表达。本文参阅并分析了大量国内外对热力学第二定律和熵方程的有关论述,通过对熵方程在热力学第二定律中所起的作用和地位的详细论述,提出熵方程是热力学第二定律的最为完善的数学表达式这一看法,从而弥补了热力学第二定律在数学表达上的不足。本文认为,从熵方程中不但可以方便地导出著名的克劳修斯不等式和孤立系统熵增原理,而且利用熵方程可以轻而易举地判断任何热过程进行的方向、限度和条件,熵方程是热力学第二定律的最为完善的数学表达式。

The traditional statement of the second law of thermodynamics, that describes heat process properties of thermodynamics only with words and sentences, is based on the Kelvin-Planck statement and the Clausius statement, but a united and complete mathematical formula has not been introduced to the second law yet.This paper proposes a new thought that the entropy equation is the perfect mathematical formula of the second law. This conclusion is obtained through the analysis of many references about entropy equation and the second law of thermodynamics and based on discussing the effect and position of entropy equation in the second law. The consequence of this proposition satisfies the second law in the mathematical formula, namely, the entropy equation.The discussion of this paper will give the following interesting fact about the entropy equation. According to the new thought, it can be used to explain various statements of the second law and to induce the famous clausius inequality and the principle of increasing entropy in isolated systems. Furthermore, it can be made easy in judging the direction, limitation and condition of every heat process.