外周血异型淋巴细胞与精神分裂症

Atypical lymphocytes in peripheral blood in patients suffering from schizophrenia

目的 研究中国的精神分裂症病人外周血异型淋巴细胞的比例、相互间的关系以及与药物治疗的关系。方法 收集９２例样本，分３组：精神分裂症组５２例，年龄（４１．１±９．６６）岁，该组又分为治疗和非治疗组；其他精神病组（非精神分裂症）２６例，年龄（４９．０±１２．８４）岁，正常对照组１４例，年龄（２９．９±３．２１）岁。应用Ｍａｙ Ｇｕｕｎｗａｌ－Ｇｉｅｍｓａ染色法，研究外周血细胞的形态学，计数异型淋巴细胞的百分比，进行统计学处理。结果Ｐ细胞在精神分裂症组比其他精神病组和健康对照组明显增高（Ｐ＜０．０１），而应激淋巴细胞在精神分裂症组比其他精神病组和健康对照组明显减低（Ｐ＜０．０５）；性别之间无差异。抗精神病药物治疗组Ｐ细胞比末治疗组显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０５）；抗精神病药物对应激淋巴细胞的比例没有影响。Ｓｐｅａｒｍａｎ相关分析发现，精神分裂症中Ｐ细胞和应激淋巴细胞间存在明显的负相关（ｒ＝－０．６４９）（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论 精神分裂症病人外周血中始终存在高比例的Ｐ细胞及低比例的应激淋巴细胞，Ｐ细胞并非由抗精神病药物引起。Ｐ细胞有可能作为一个生物学的标记，有助于精神分裂症病因的研究。

Objective To study the ratio of atypical lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of patients with schizophrenia, and its significance in relation to neuroleptics treatment. Methods 92 cases were divided into 3 groups: Schizophrenic group including 52 cases(M 27, P25, with average age 41.1±9.66), and the cases in this group were classified into medication and non-medic- tion groups; psychosis patients(non-schizophrenic group) included 26 cases(M14, P12, with average age 49.0±12.84); and healthy control group, 14 cases(M8,F6,with average age 29.9±3.21). The cell morphology of the blood smears was studied by using May Grunwald-Giemsa staining. The percentage of atypical lymphocytes was studied. Results P cells were significantly higher in schizophrenic groups(34.9%) than those in other psychosis(4.5%) and healthy control group(0.8%)(P <0.01). Stress lymphocytes were significantly lower in schizophrenic group(1 .9%) than those in other psychosis(6.5%) or healthy con- trol groups(5.6%)(P < 0.01). There was no sex difference in the atypical lymphocyte percentage. P cc11 percentage reduced significantly after neuroleptics treatment; it was lower in medication group(33.0%) than that in non-medication group(44.9%) (P < 0.05), hut stress lymphocytes had no significantly change after inducing medication. Spearman correlation analysis showed a strong negative correlation between P cells and stress lymphocytes( Rs=-0.649, P <0.01) in patients suffering from schizophrenia. Conclusions High percentage of P cells and low percentage of stress lymphocytes always present in patients suffering from schizophrenia, and P cells are not induced by medication with neuroleptics. The study of P cells, which is probably a biological mark of schizophrenia, would benefit the exploration of the pathogenesis of schizophrenia.