上海滨岸带土地利用结构与调控对策

LAND-USE STRUCTURE AND REGULATING STRATEGIES ALONG SHANGHAI COASTAL ZONE

本文利用上海及滨岸带六区县近十余年来的统计资料 ,系统地分析了上海滨岸带土地利用的结构现状。在此基础上 ,揭示了本区土地利用中存在的一些不合理现象和主要问题 ,提出了相应的优化调控措施 ,以期为制定土地利用开发与管理政策和本区的可持续发展提供决策依据。

As an important component and main geographical sight of the coastal line, coastal zone has various functions (e.g. land-making, reducing pollution, shipping, tour, etc.) and ecological value. In the recent decade, with the extensive opening of Pudong New Area and the rapid increment of economy in Shanghai, the new large-scale exploitation along Shanghai coastal zone is on the upsurge, which resulted in the complete change of the original land-use structure. Based on relative statistics, the current structure of land-use along Shanghai coastal zone is systematically analyzed as follows: 1.The types of land use are multiple. It can be used for agriculture, aquiculture, industry, construction and others. Nowadays this area has been occupied by ports, airport, sewage discharge outlets and many industrial parks. 2. Agriculture and Animal Husbandry are the main types, which account for 42 and 19 percent of total land area respectively. 3. The ratios of area of industry and storage are high, from the north to south are large industrial parks (e.g. Baoshan Steel Group, Jinshan Petro-Chemistry Group and Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone) and grand municipal fundamental establishments (e.g. Pudong International Airport, Luchaogang Harbor). 4.Different districts have formed different manner in land use. For instance, non-agrotype is clear in Baoshan District and Pudong New Area, while agrotype are distinct in Nanhui, Fengxian and Chongming County. In the long run, due to lack of uniform layout and administration on land resource along this area, with the rise of population density and the rapid development of city, various irrational problems has come into being. 1. Output value of traditional planting is about half of gross output value of agriculture along this area, while that of forestry and that of Fishery only 0.3 and 14.7 percent respectively. 2. The scatter layout of industry and township industrial enterprises have debased economic results. Industrial added value of this area in 1997 was less than 30 percent of gross output value of industry, and land output ratio was half of that of the average of total. 3. The extravagant housing has engrossed vast arable land. Average per capita living space in rural area was over 10 times than that of in urban area. 4. The low covering of woodland, only 1.19 percent, depresses the resistance of natural disasters. 5. Salt marshes are of immense environmental and economical importance, remaining wildlife habitats and forming important nutrient sources. With the increasing exploitation of Pudong New Area, especially the building of Pudong International Airport, only few salt marshes (e.g. Jiuduansha) are leaving at present. The development on this zone is the main component of that of Shanghai. Contraposing the problems above, six effective suggestions on rationally using the land resources are put forward as follows: 1.Establish a special supervisory organization to attain uniform layout and administration on land along this area. 2.Adjust the layout of agricultural land to expand sustainable agriculture which has immense economical and environmental importance. 3.Consummate the development of industrial parks to debate the proportion of industry and increase the economic results. 4.Quicken the construction of rural town to economize land resource. 5.Enlarge the proportion of shelter belt to lighten the influence of natural disasters and reform the ecological environment. 6.Strengthen the management and legislation to protect the remaining marshes and tidal flat, at the same time offer an opportunity of participation and management to local dwellers.