葡萄二倍体与四倍体品种间杂交胚珠的离体培养

Study on the in Ovulo Embryo Culture of the Crossed Progeny Between Diploid and Tetraploid Grape Cultivars

为了克服葡萄二倍体品种与四倍体品种之间的交配障碍,进行了杂交胚珠的离体培养研究。发芽胚珠的取样时期集中于授粉后35～75d,其中多数以二倍体作母本的组合在授粉后55d取样的发芽率最高,以四倍体作母本的组合授粉后70d取样的发芽率最高。基本培养模式为:发育培养基-(剥胚)萌发培养基-生长培养基。用二倍体品种作母本时,所有组合均获得了培养苗,在1号培养基上培养的胚珠发芽率高于2号培养基。反交对培养基的要求有相反趋势,其中2个组合未得到培养苗。授粉后60d,直接剥出杂种胚进行培养,得到了最高发芽率。综合分析初步认为,用二倍体品种作母本比用四倍体品种作母本容易获得杂交后代。

The in ovulo embryo culture were carried on for overcoming the mating obstacle crossed between diploid and tetraploid grape cultivars.The ovule sampling time focused on35to75days after pollination.The highest germination rate of most crossed combinations were received from combination used diploid as female parent and sampled55days after pollination,while for tetraploid as female parent were sampled70days after pollination.The basic culture pattern is:development culture medium→(then ovules were excised)germination medium→growing medium.Among these hybridizations,all the combinations which used diploid as female parent obtained culture seedling,and the ovule germination rate on NO.1medium was higher than that on the NO.2medium.The requirement to culture medium of back-crossing combinations displayed contrary tendency,but two combinations couldn't obtained culture seedling.At 60days after pollination,the ovules excised directly then put on the development culture medium obtained the highest germination rate.Judging by synthetic analysis it is believed using diploid as female parent is easier to obtain hybrid progeny than tetraploid.