以自由为名的奴役——对卢梭社会契约论的理性批判

Helotism in the Name of Freedom --The Rational Criticism to Rousseau's The Social Contract

卢梭通过美化自然来怀疑和反对理性在人类文明进步中的作用 ,是为其社会契约论服务 ,自然是卢梭理想化的自由与平等的社会秩序的外化。卢梭所反对的文明特指建立在私有制基础之上的社会 ,卢梭认为这样的社会起源于富人通过欺骗穷人所签订的契约。然而卢梭所主张的通过创立真正的契约而建立的理想社会秩序并不能恢复和保障人们的自由与平等 ,因为社会契约赋予了公意以至高无上的地位 ;赋予了政治体支配它的成员的绝对权力。

By the interpretation of Jean Jacques Rousseau's thought of Romanticism and Constructivism,this article illustrates his beautification of nature in an attempt to doubt and to object to the function of reason which serves the social contract during the process of human civilization.Nature is the embodiment of Rosseau's idealized social system of freedom and equality.The very civilization objected by him refers to the society of private ownership,which originated from the contract made on the rich's deceit to the poor.Nevertheless,Rousseau's idealized social order established on a real contract can not restore and ensure people's freedom and equality,because the social contract has endowed the public will with supreme status and the government absolute power to control its people.