木星“大红斑”的旋转浅水实验模拟研究

LABORATORY SIMULATION OF JUPITER’S GREAT RED SPOT BY ROTATING SHALLOW WATER

在具有自由表面的旋转抛物面浅水实验系统上进行了可重复的系列模拟实验 ,在旋转随动坐标系中拍摄的照片和功率谱分析表明 ,确有大尺度持续存在的涡旋、漂移与演化产生 .在一定条件下 ,呈现出一个自持的、长寿命的、沿与整体旋转方向相反方向漂移的反气旋孤立波涡旋 (Rossby孤立波涡旋 ) ,这就是木星“大红斑”的实验室模型 .实验结果证实 ,流体动力学不稳定主要来自于剪切和Coriolis力效应 ,由于远离平衡态的耗散系统的自组织 ,涌现出大尺度长寿命相干涡旋结构 .受多次实验的启发 ,从流体动力学基本方程出发 ,在一定的实验条件下提出一个半经验模型 ,近似求出了Rossby孤立波涡旋解 .

A series of repeatable simulation tests were carried out on the experimental system for forming a layer of shallow water with a free surface on a rotating paraboloid. The photographs taken in a reference frame rotating with the system and the results of the power spectrum analyses show the generation ,drift and evolution of persistent vortices on the large scale. Under the certain condition , an anticyclonic solitary vortex is produced, that is the only one along the whole perimeter of the system, stationary drifting during an infinitely long time, counter directed to the general rotation of the system. This structure is interpreted as the Rossby solitary vortex and as a laboratory model of Jupiter's Great Red Spot. The experimental results demonstrate that hydrodynamic instabilities come from shear and Coriolis force effects, and the long lived coherent vortex structure on the large scale emerges because of the self organization of dissipation system far from the equilibrium state. Being inspired by many experiments , under the certain condition, a semi empirical model from the fundamental equation of hydrodynamics was put forward. The solution to Rossby solitary vortex was interpreted approximately.