摘要
近几年来 ,量子计算机逐渐引起人们的关注 .对于计算机科技人员 ,量子计算机似乎高深莫测 .文章是专门为那些不懂量子力学而又想了解量子计算机的计算机工作者而撰写的 .介绍了和量子计算有关的术语和符号 ,并着重阐明一个 n位量子寄存器为何能存储 2 n 个 n位数 ?量子计算机的一次操作为何能计算所有 x的 f ( x) ?对于解某些问题 ,量子计算机为何能有惊人的运算速度 ?除了上面 3个问题外 ,还将介绍基本的量子逻辑门和量子逻辑网络 ,接着介绍一个量子算法 ,然后介绍量子计算机的组织结构 ,最后是讨论 ,将评价量子计算机的优势和弱点 ,并讨论量子计算机的物理实现和对量子计算的展望 .
This paper is written for those computer scientists and computer engineers who are interested in quantum computing but know little about quantum mechanics. The technical terms and symbols of quantum computing are first introduced. The questions of why an n bit quantum register can store 2 n n bit numbers, why quantum computer can compute f(x) of all x by one operation, and why a quantum computer can solve some problems with astonishing speed, are clarified. Quantum logical gates and quantum logical networks, Shor's quantum algorithm for large number factorization, and the architecture of quantum computers are presented in succession. Finally, the strength and weakness, the physical implementation and the perspective of quantum computers are discussed.
出处
《计算机研究与发展》
EI
CSCD
北大核心
2001年第10期1153-1171,共19页
Journal of Computer Research and Development
关键词
量子计算
量子位
量子力学
量子计算机
quantum computing, qubit, quantum register, superposed state, entangled state, interference, nonclonability, quantum logical gate, quantum parallelism, Shor's quantum algorithm for large number factorization
