3～7岁儿童气质的影响因素研究

Factors influencing the temperament among children aged 3 - 7 years

目的 了解3～7岁儿童气质的影响因素。方法 对难养型、启动缓慢型及易养型儿童273例进行影响因素调查。结果 出生时胎龄、窒息时间、离开父母异地抚养年龄、看护人性格态度、教育方式、老师教育态度、父学历及身体状况、父母饮酒量、孩子看电视时间等与儿童的气质维度有关;住房类型、平均每年患病次数、3岁前看护人、老师教育态度与气质类型有关。结论 采取适合儿童气质特点的抚养和教育方式,加强围生期保健,可促使儿童气质向积极方向发展。

Objective To investigate the factors influencing a child s temperament.Methods 273 children with either supports difficult, slow-to-warm-up, or easy supported temperament were recruited and examined Results Gestational age when born, duration of suffocation, age when leaving parents,personal character of the matron,educational type,teacher's teaching manner, father's educational level, alcohol consumption of the parents and hours of watching television were associated with the child's temperament dimension degree. Types of housing, frequency of illness, the matron and teacher's educational manner were associated with the child's temperament type. Conclusion Education methods suitable to the child's temperament and perinatal care may promote the development of the child's temperament towards favorable direction.