某部舰艇部队粮食真菌菌相的调查研究

AN INVESTIGATION ON FUNGI FLORA IN GRAIN SAMPLES COLLECTED FROM NAVAL VESSELS AND ISLAND FORCES

目的 :查明某舰艇及海岛部队库存的粮食霉变情况 ,为进一步采取有效的粮食防霉保鲜措施提供理论依据。方法 :采用粮食真菌常规的分离和鉴定技术 ,对采自我国南方某舰艇及海岛部队库存的 10个大米、面粉及花生仁样品进行了真菌菌相和数量的研究。结果 :研究发现大米中真菌主要存在于米粒表面 ,其含菌量在 (1.1× 10 2 ～ 1.3× 10 4 )cfu·g 1,主要的真菌有岛青霉 (Penicilliumislandicum)等青霉及拟青霉 (Paecilomycesvarioti) ;面粉样品中真菌含量在 (5 .5× 10 3～ 2 .5× 10 7)cfu·g 1,主要有青霉、谢瓦曲霉间型变种 (Aspergilluschevalierivarintermedius)、匍匐曲霉 (Arepens)和酵母 (Saccharomycessp)等菌种 ;花生仁中真菌含量为 (5 .5× 10 5)cfu·g 1,主要的真菌为岛青霉等青霉。结论 :由于我国南方舰艇及海岛地区温度和湿度较高 ,贮藏粮食极易被真菌污染 。

Objective:To study grain mildewing in naval vessels and island forces so as to find a theoretical basis for adopting effective methods of anti-mold and keeping fresh for grain.Methods:Fungi amount and flora in 10 samples of rice, flour and peanut seeds collected from naval vessels and island forces were investigated, using general isolation and identification methods of grain fungi.Results:The fungi in rice were mainly on the surface of grain, the amount was (1.1×10 2)～(1.3×10 4) cfu·g 1 ,and Penicillium islandicum, Penicillium spp and Paecilomyces varioti were the predominant fungi. The fungi amount in sample of flour was (5.5×10 3)～(2.5±10 7)cfu·g 1 , and Penicillium spp, Aspergillus chevalieri var intermedius, A repens and Saccharomyces sp were the predominant fungi.The fungi amount in a sample of peanut seeds was(5.5×10 5)cfu·g 1 , and Penicillium islandicum and Penicillium spp were the predominant fungi. Conclusion: As the air temperature and humidity in the south are high, the grain are easy to be polluted by the fungi during storage. It is urgent to find a new methods to solve the problem of grain mildewing and keeping fresh.