猪粪堆肥臭气产生与调控的研究

Study on the Odor Production and Control of Swine Manure Composting

通过两次室外中型堆肥试验 ,研究在相同水分条件 (6 8.8% ) ,不同调理剂、不同碳氮比 (C/ N)、不同通气方式以及不同添加剂对猪粪堆肥过程中臭气产生与控制的影响。研究表明 :猪粪堆肥中 ,臭气的主要形式是氨气 ,主要产生在堆肥的升温及高温期。降低堆肥的 p H值、增加微生物对 NH+ 4 - N的固定等是控制臭气的有效措施 ;过磷酸钙添加量为 1.5 %时 ,可以降低堆肥的 p H值 ,使 NH3浓度减小 ,促进 NH+ 4 - N向其它形式的氮转变 ,且不影响堆肥的腐熟 ;除臭剂试验组堆肥过程中臭味小 ,堆肥结束后的物理性状最好 ,不影响猪粪堆肥进程 ,可在生产中推广。

Two medium scale composting experiments were carried out to study the effects of bulking agents, carbon to nitrogen ratio (C/N), aeration forms and additions on the swine manure composting under the moisture content of 68.8%. The changes of various indexes and the odor production and control were also studied. The results obtained were as follows: The odor produced with the ammonia volatilization during swine manure composting. This volatilization should be increased markedly as high pH value (pH>7) and temperature (>50℃). Reducing the composting materials pH value, adding suitable amendments and increasing the immobilization of NH + 4 N could reduce the odor. The addition of 1.5% calcium superphosphate to swine manure composting could reduce the pH value and the ammonia (NH 3) emission, and promote NH + 4 N to convert to other form of N. It could also increase the content of P. The finished composts made with the deodorant amendment could reduce the odor and had the best quality in the physical characteristics. It could be put into use in practice.