水文地球化学方法在煤矿水害研究中的某些应用——以平顶山、肥城矿区研究为例

Applications of Hydrogeochemical Methods to the Study of Ground water Hazards at the Pingdingshan and Feicheng Coal Mines, China

矿井防治水的理论和工程实践表明,水文地球化学方法是矿井水害预防和治理工作中较为有效的一种方法。以平顶山矿区、肥城矿区为例,阐述了水文地球化学方法在水害研究中的某些应用。在平顶山矿区,环境同位素(氢、氧)和统计分析(聚类分析)技术的研究结果,进一步证实和校正了以往对该区水流系统的概念模型,即局部水流系统和过渡水流系统(或西南部和东北部子系统)的划分仅适于寒武系灰岩含水系统;砂岩含水层在矿区中、北部低山区接受大气降水补给,并有可能补给薄层灰岩含水层。在肥城矿区,地下水示踪试验结果表明,该区的GF9、F7-1、F7-3断层在试验段内具有较强的导水性,奥灰水可通过上述断层并以不同特征的通道和速度继续径流并补给各井下出水点,因而是该区煤矿安全的主要威胁。

Theory and engineering practice show that the hydrogeochemical method is the one of effective approaches to groundwater hazard prevention and control in coal mines. Taking Pingdingshan and Feicheng coal mines as examples, this paper discusses some applications of hydrogeochemical methods to the study of groundwater hazards. In the Pingdingshan coal mine area, environmental isotopes and cluster analysis techniques were used to confirm and clarify that the conceptual model of groundwater systems (i. e. classification of local and transition flow systems) previously obtained is only suitable for the Cambrian limestone aquifer. The sandstone aquifer receives rainfall recharge in the middle-northern hilly area and groundwater in the sandstone aquifer probably recharges the thin-layer limestone aquifer. In the Feicheng coal mine area, it is proven by the groundwater trace tests that faults GF9, F7-1 and F7-3 have relatively high permeability within the test sections, and groundwater in the Ordovician limestone aquifer could flow through those sections and into gushing water points beneath the coal mines in different passages and at different velocities. These faults, therefore, are considered main threatening to the mining safety.