我国古代的户籍制度及其特点

Household Regisration System and Its Characteristics in Ancient China

户籍制度是我国历史上一项重要的社会制度 ,历代统治者都非常重视。户籍制度包括户口登记和管理两个方面。户口的登记和管理始于西周 ,到秦汉时期初具规模 ,唐宋以后日臻完善 ,成为统治者征调赋役、落实行政管理和实行人身控制的重要途径。该制度在历史发展中表现出明显的地域性、等级性、世袭性和社会治安功能。

Household registration system was an important social system in the history of our country. The governors of the dynasties in the past all attached great importance to it. Household registration system consisted of 2 aspects: household registration and management. Household registration and management had its origin in the Zhou Dynasty. In the Qin and Han Dynasties it began to take shape. From the Tang and Song Dynasties it gradually came to perfection, and became an important measure for the requisition of taxes and conscription of military forces, and for the administration and control of its subjects as well. The system shows clearly the region based, hierarchy based and hereditary characters and social security function in its development in history.