植物生长调节剂在农业中的应用及发展趋势

Application and prospects of plant growth regulators in agriculture

20世纪 4 0年代以来 ,植物生长调节剂广泛应用于调控作物生长发育 ,其主要功能有 :调节植物内部的化学组成或果实的颜色 ;启动或终止种子、芽及块茎的休眠 ;促进发根和根的生长 ;控制植株或器官大小 ;提前、推迟或阻止开花 ;诱导或控制叶片或果实的脱落 ;调节座果率及果实的进一步发育 ;促进植株从土壤中吸收矿质营养 ;改变作物发育的起始时间 ;增加植物的抗病虫能力和抗逆能力。本文仅对植物生长调节剂的历史、对植物新陈代谢的调节、对开花座果及果实发育的调节、对植物组织器官大小及衰老的调节等作一简要介绍。

Since the 1940,natural and synthetic plant growth regulators have been used with increasing incidence to modify crop plants through germination to harvest by altering their growth and development.This review deals with the history of plant growth regulators,regulation of plant metabolism,control of flowering,effects on fruit set and development,control of abscission,control of plant and organ size,recently developed plant growth regulators,and the perceived future for these compounds as related to agricultural needs and economics.The strategies for future researches for effective compounds,and the influence of regulatory issues on the development and availability of these compounds are also discussed.